:root{--ink:#20282d;--muted:#697378;--rule:#dce2e4;--teal:#087b86;--paper:#fff;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI','Malgun Gothic','Apple SD Gothic Neo',sans-serif;color:var(--ink);background:#fff;font-size:17px;color-scheme:light}
*{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0}a{color:inherit;text-underline-offset:4px}a:hover{color:var(--teal)}button,input{font:inherit}button,a,input{touch-action:manipulation}button{cursor:pointer}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--teal);outline-offset:4px}::selection{background:#d9eeed}h1,h2,h3{word-break:keep-all;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:-.035em}p,li{line-height:1.8;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:keep-all}img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}main,.site-header,footer>div{width:min(1120px,calc(100% - 64px));margin-inline:auto}.site-header{padding-top:36px}.masthead{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;padding-bottom:23px}.brand{font-size:32px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.055em;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.masthead p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);margin:7px 0 0}.search-link{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;text-decoration:none;font-size:15px;min-height:44px}.main-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:31px;border-block:1px solid var(--rule);min-height:57px;flex-wrap:wrap}.main-nav a{font-size:15px;font-weight:650;text-decoration:none;padding:16px 0;white-space:nowrap}.main-nav [aria-current]{color:var(--teal)}.headlines{margin-top:30px;padding-bottom:30px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.headlines>h1{font-size:23px;margin:0 0 20px;padding-bottom:12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.headline-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.05fr 1fr;gap:30px}.headline-picture{display:block;text-decoration:none;overflow:hidden}.headline-picture img{width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:12/7;object-fit:cover}.headline-lead .kind{display:block;margin-top:12px}.headline-lead h2{font-size:26px;margin:4px 0 6px}.headline-grid h2 a{text-decoration:none}.headline-lead p{font-size:16px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.headline-secondary{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr 1fr;gap:18px}.headline-secondary article{display:grid;grid-template-columns:44% 1fr;gap:20px;align-content:start}.headline-secondary article+article{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-top:18px}.headline-secondary img{height:100%;aspect-ratio:12/8}.headline-secondary h2{font-size:20px;margin:5px 0}.headline-secondary p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.kind{font-size:14px;font-weight:600;color:var(--teal)}.meta{color:var(--muted);font-size:13px;line-height:1.7}.blog-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 255px;gap:34px;margin-top:30px}.archive-heading{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding-bottom:14px}.archive-heading :is(h1,h2){font-size:23px;margin:0}.archive-heading small{font-size:16px;color:var(--muted);font-weight:400;margin-left:5px}.archive-heading p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);margin:8px 0 0}.reading-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 184px;gap:24px;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:20px 0}.reading-row h3{font-size:19px;margin:4px 0 5px}.reading-row h3 a{text-decoration:none}.reading-row p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.75;margin:0 0 7px}.row-image img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:12/7;object-fit:cover}.sidebar{border-left:1px solid var(--rule);padding-left:28px;font-size:14px;color:#505d62}.sidebar section{padding:20px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.sidebar section:first-child{padding-top:0}.sidebar h2{font-size:18px;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 11px}.sidebar p{margin:0 0 10px}.sidebar .profile h2{margin-top:12px}.sidebar ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.sidebar li{margin:5px 0}.sidebar li a{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;text-decoration:none;min-height:30px;align-items:center}.sidebar li small{color:#8b969a;font-size:12px}.sidebar .compact a{line-height:1.7;font-size:13px}.pagination{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:10px;margin:25px 0}.pagination a{min-width:38px;min-height:38px;text-align:center;padding:7px;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid transparent;font-size:14px}.pagination [aria-current]{border-color:#a9b4b8;color:var(--teal)}footer{margin:45px 0 0;padding:25px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}footer a,footer button{display:inline-block;margin:0 15px 7px 0}footer button{border:0;background:none;font:inherit;color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;padding:0}footer p{line-height:1.9}.skip{position:absolute;top:-100px;left:20px}.skip:focus{top:10px;z-index:5;background:#fff;padding:10px}.breadcrumb{margin:30px 0 20px;color:var(--muted);font-size:13px}.article-head{max-width:940px;padding-bottom:22px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);background:#fff}.article-head h1{font-size:clamp(28px,3.1vw,39px);line-height:1.5;margin:10px 0 16px}.article-head .lead{font-size:18px;color:#58666c;max-width:64ch}.article-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,75ch) 210px;gap:48px;margin:28px 0 55px}.prose{min-width:0}.prose section{margin-bottom:36px}.prose h2{font-size:24px;margin:35px 0 18px}.prose p{white-space:pre-line;line-height:1.95;margin:16px 0}.prose li{line-height:1.9}.prose ul{padding-left:24px}.prose a{color:var(--teal)}.toc{font-size:13px;border-left:1px solid var(--rule);padding-left:22px}.toc>div{position:sticky;top:25px}.toc ol{padding-left:18px}.toc li{margin:10px 0}.toc a{text-decoration:none}.reference-box{padding:22px 25px;background:#f2f7f6;border-left:3px solid var(--teal);margin:35px 0}.reference-box h2{margin:0 0 10px}.reference-box .relation{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.related{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-top:8px}.related a{display:block;padding:8px 0}.article-image{margin:24px 0}.article-diagram{margin:28px 0}.article-diagram img{width:100%;max-height:355px;object-fit:cover}.article-diagram figcaption{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:10px;line-height:1.7}.primary{display:inline-block;background:var(--teal);color:#fff!important;border:0;padding:12px 19px;text-decoration:none;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6}.primary:hover{background:#075d65}.plain{max-width:80ch;padding:32px 0 60px}.plain h1{font-size:32px;margin:0 0 18px}.plain h2{font-size:23px;margin-top:32px}.index-list{padding:0;list-style:none}.index-list li{padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.index-list a{font-weight:700;font-size:20px}.index-list p{color:var(--muted);font-size:16px;margin-bottom:0}.formula{background:#f1f6f5;padding:22px;font-size:20px;line-height:1.8;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.calculator{border:1px solid var(--rule);padding:24px}.calculator label{display:block;margin:15px 0;font-weight:600}.calculator input{display:block;width:min(100%,300px);margin-top:7px;padding:10px;border:1px solid #aebdc1}.calculator output{display:block;margin:20px 0 0;line-height:1.8;color:var(--teal)}audio{width:100%;margin:18px 0}.download-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:22px;margin:20px 0}.search-page{max-width:850px}.search-controls{display:flex;gap:10px;margin:10px 0}.search-controls input{min-width:0;flex:1;border:1px solid #a6b8bc;padding:12px;font-size:16px}#search-form label{font-weight:600;font-size:15px}.search-result{padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.search-result span{font-size:14px;color:var(--teal)}.search-result h3{font-size:20px;margin:5px 0}.search-result h3 a{text-decoration:none}.search-result p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);margin:8px 0}
@media(max-width:900px){main,.site-header,footer>div{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.blog-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 210px;gap:24px}.sidebar{padding-left:20px}.reading-row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 145px;gap:16px}.headline-secondary article{grid-template-columns:39% 1fr;gap:14px}.headline-secondary h2{font-size:18px}.headline-secondary p{font-size:13px}.article-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 180px;gap:28px}.main-nav{gap:24px}}
@media(max-width:680px){:root{font-size:16px}main,.site-header,footer>div{width:calc(100% - 36px)}.site-header{padding-top:22px}.brand{font-size:27px}.masthead{gap:14px;padding-bottom:18px}.masthead p{font-size:12px}.search-link{font-size:14px}.main-nav{gap:0 22px;min-height:49px}.main-nav a{font-size:14px;padding:12px 0}.headlines{margin-top:24px;padding-bottom:24px}.headlines>h1{font-size:21px;margin-bottom:16px}.headline-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:23px}.headline-lead h2{font-size:24px}.headline-lead p{font-size:15px}.headline-secondary{gap:15px}.headline-secondary article{grid-template-columns:120px 1fr;gap:16px;align-items:center}.headline-secondary h2{font-size:17px}.headline-secondary p{font-size:13px;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}.headline-secondary img{aspect-ratio:12/8;min-height:90px}.blog-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:35px;margin-top:26px}.reading-row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 112px;gap:14px;padding:19px 0}.reading-row h3{font-size:17px}.reading-row p{font-size:13px;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}.reading-row .kind{font-size:12px}.reading-row .meta{font-size:11px}.sidebar{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding:25px 0 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px 26px}.sidebar section:first-child{padding-top:20px}.sidebar h2{font-size:17px}.sidebar .profile{grid-column:1/-1}.sidebar li a{min-height:35px}.archive-heading :is(h1,h2){font-size:22px}.article-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:15px}.toc{grid-row:1;border-left:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:0 0 15px}.toc>div{position:static}.toc ol{margin-bottom:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:5px 24px;list-style:none;padding:0}.toc li{margin:3px 0}.prose h2{font-size:22px}.article-head .lead{font-size:17px}.article-head h1{font-size:28px}.plain h1{font-size:28px}.plain p{font-size:16px}.search-controls{gap:7px}.search-controls .primary{padding:10px 15px}.search-controls input{width:0}.article-diagram img{max-height:none}.breadcrumb{margin-top:24px}footer{margin-top:30px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*{scroll-behavior:auto!important}}
/* History feature follows the approved editorial grid. */
.history-intro{padding:35px 0 20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.history-intro h1{font-size:42px;margin:8px 0 15px}.history-intro .lead{font-size:19px;color:#58686d;line-height:1.9}.history-jump{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 26px;padding:18px 0;font-size:14px}.history-jump a{min-height:30px}.history-cover{margin:8px 0 30px}.history-cover img{width:100%;height:auto}.history-cover figcaption{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:9px;line-height:1.7}.history-body{min-width:0}.history-reading{padding:0 0 22px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.history-reading h2,.history-era h2,.history-comparison h2{font-size:23px;margin:12px 0}.history-reading p,.history-era>p,.history-comparison>p{font-size:16px;color:#53646a;line-height:1.9}.history-era{margin:38px 0}.history-event{display:grid;grid-template-columns:65px minmax(0,1fr);gap:18px;padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.history-year{font-size:22px;font-weight:650;color:var(--teal);padding-top:3px}.history-event h3{font-size:19px;margin:4px 0 7px}.history-event h3 a{text-decoration:none}.history-event p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.8;color:#627076;margin:0 0 8px}.history-event .history-input{font-size:13px;color:var(--teal);margin-bottom:0}.history-event .meta{font-size:12px}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--rule);margin:20px 0}.table-scroll:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--teal);outline-offset:3px}.table-scroll table{border-collapse:collapse;min-width:680px;width:100%;font-size:14px}.table-scroll th,.table-scroll td{padding:14px 12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);vertical-align:top;line-height:1.7}.table-scroll thead{background:#f1f6f5}.table-scroll caption{text-align:left;padding:13px;font-weight:600}.history-comparison{padding-bottom:25px}.history-sources{max-width:88ch}.history-sources ol{padding-left:26px}.history-sources li{padding:20px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);scroll-margin-top:20px}.history-sources h3{font-size:19px;margin:0 0 8px}.history-sources li p{font-size:15px;color:#627076;margin:8px 0}.history-article-nav{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 24px;padding:12px 0 23px;font-size:13px}.history-article-nav a{min-height:28px}.history-facts{border-block:1px solid var(--rule);padding:15px 0;margin:22px 0}.history-facts dl{margin:0}.history-facts dl>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:115px minmax(0,1fr);gap:10px;padding:8px 0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.8}.history-facts dt{color:var(--muted)}.history-facts dd{margin:0}.history-facts p{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin:12px 0 0;line-height:1.7}.history-facts+.article-diagram{margin-top:24px}.headline-lead img[src*='history-overview']{object-fit:contain;background:#eaf0ef}
@media(max-width:680px){.history-intro{padding-top:26px}.history-intro h1{font-size:31px}.history-intro .lead{font-size:16px}.history-jump{font-size:13px;gap:9px 18px}.history-cover{margin-bottom:22px}.history-event{grid-template-columns:48px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px}.history-year{font-size:19px}.history-event h3{font-size:18px}.history-event p{font-size:14px}.history-facts dl>div{grid-template-columns:90px minmax(0,1fr);font-size:14px}.history-article-nav{display:block}.history-article-nav a{display:block;padding:7px 0}.history-reading p,.history-comparison>p{font-size:15px}.history-era h2{font-size:21px}.history-cover img{min-height:125px;object-fit:contain;background:#eaf0ef}.history-intro br{display:none}.main-nav{gap:0 21px}}

.headline-picture img[src*='history-'],.row-image img[src*='history-']{object-fit:contain;background:#eaf0ef}

/* Source-backed game images: preserve complete UI and the original aspect ratio. */
.prose .game-media{margin:0 0 35px}.prose .game-media>h2{margin-top:0}.game-media .game-version{font-size:14px;color:var(--teal);font-weight:600;margin:0 0 14px}.game-shot{margin:0}.game-screen-frame{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#101619;padding:12px;min-height:140px}.game-screen-frame img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:500px;object-fit:contain}.game-shot figcaption p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.85;margin:15px 0}.game-shot .image-credit{font-size:12px;color:#66767c;line-height:1.9;padding-bottom:18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.image-credit strong{font-weight:600;margin-right:8px}.image-credit a{white-space:nowrap}.game-input-guide{background:#f1f6f5;padding:18px 24px;margin:20px 0}.game-input-guide h3{font-size:18px;margin:0 0 10px}.game-input-guide ol{padding-left:22px;margin:0}.game-input-guide li{font-size:15px;line-height:1.9;margin:6px 0;padding-left:4px}.image-credit-list li{font-size:14px;line-height:1.85}.game-media:target{scroll-margin-top:20px}@media(max-width:680px){.game-screen-frame{padding:8px;min-height:0}.game-shot figcaption p{font-size:15px}.game-shot .image-credit{font-size:12px}.game-input-guide{padding:17px 19px}.game-input-guide li{font-size:15px}.game-media .game-version{font-size:13px}}